Clinical experience with targeting cancer and its microenvironment
Drug Target Trial Phase
Soluble factors:
Gefitinib EGFR II
Trastuzumab Her-2-neu II
Imatinib mesylate PDGFR-b I
Bone targeted:
Zolendronic acid Osteoclast III
Atrasentan Osteoblast II
Strontium Bone interface II
Gene therapy Osteoblast I
Angiogenesis:
Bevacizumab VEGF II
Thalidomide bFGF IL-8 II
GVAX immunotherapy Unknown II
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Teriparatide (brand name Forteo) Eli Lilly - alter the bone: bone marrow interface.
Natalizumab (brand name Tysabri,_ Biogen Idec) - affects VLA-4 adhesion interactions (one of regulatory components for pre-metastatic niche), but the drug is meant for multiple sclerosis,
Cinacalcet (brand name Sensipar, Amgen) - renal failure-associated hypercalcemia – for modulates calcium receptors,
Ostabolin-C (Zelos Therapeutics) also modulates osteoblasts,
Anything else?
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